Tools and Technologies
- NXP Microcontroller (xxK311)
- AUTOSAR Classic Architecture (BSW, CIL, ASW layers)
- CAN Communication Protocol
- vector vtest studio for automation
- UDS (ISO 14229) – Services 10, 11, 3E, 22, 2E, 27, 28, 85, 19, 14, 31
- XCP
- OBD
- Vector CANoe
- Vector CANape
About the Customer
The customer is one of the world’s largest two-wheeler manufacturers, headquartered in India, with a significant share of the domestic two-wheeler market and an active electrification program spanning multiple electric scooter variants.
Business Challenge
The customer required end-to-end software development support for the Vehicle Control Unit on their electric two-wheeler platform. The VCU serves as the central controller of the vehicle, coordinating the BMS, MCU, instrument cluster, and charging system via CAN protocol.
The VCU required development of the full software stack covering platform software, signal interfacing, and all application-layer vehicle control features. It was built on an NXP microcontroller following a classic AUTOSAR architecture. Across BSW, CIL (Control Interface Layer), and Application Software layers, Embitel’s scope spanned all three layers.
Check out our ECU testing solutions here.
Embitel's Solution
Embitel developed the VCU software stack across BSW, CIL, and ASW layers on Sample A and Sample B ECU boards provided by the customer.
BSW Development
The BSW layer was developed to manage communication, memory, diagnostics, and power state control. Modules delivered included a CAN communication stack, NVM memory management, UDS diagnostics stack covering Services 10, 11, 3E, 22, 2E, 27, 28, 85, 19, 14, and 31, XCP configuration with NVM-backed variable storage, wakeup and shutdown management, DTC configuration, and OBD connection support.
CIL Layer Development
The CIL layer was developed as a signal interface bridge between BSW and ASW. It handles ADC conversion of analogue signals from external ports into digital data for consumption by the ASW, and maps ASW model signals to BSW DBC signals, ensuring clean separation between platform and application software.
ASW Feature Development
Embitel developed the following application-layer vehicle control features:
- Wakeup management supporting six trigger sources – mechanical key, EHLU, aux management, normal and fast charger, diagnostics, and TCU with a sequential wakeup flow covering VCU, BMS, and MCU acknowledgement and authentication.
- Vehicle internal state management across nine states from Sleep through to Run and Fault, with defined transition logic governing state progression and fault handling.
- Ready mode entry logic enforcing six preconditions: vehicle state in Idle1, side stand up, brake on, kill switch off, vehicle speed below 5 kmph, and E2E enable active.
- Drive mode management across five modes – ECO, Park, Sport, Custom, and Boost, selectable via TCU or physical switches, with ECO as the default operating mode.
- Throttle management using a 2D calibration table mapping TPS1 and TPS2 voltage inputs to throttle percentage, with calibratable values configurable per vehicle variant.
- Torque management calculating final torque output across three input paths: speed limit logic, acceleration limit logic, and motor speed-torque characteristics, factoring in drive mode limits and MCU max discharge current received from the BMS.
- Brake management across three states – ON, OFF, and Error, using four digital input sensors distributed across front and rear brakes.
- Shutdown management supporting four trigger sources – TCU, instrument cluster, EHL, and timeout; all with a defined shutdown sequence of MCU first, followed by BMS, and VCU.
Embitel's Impact
Embitel delivered a complete, layered VCU software stack for the customer’s electric two-wheeler platform, from BSW platform software through to application-layer vehicle control features. The structured AUTOSAR architecture across all three layers gives the customer a modular, maintainable software foundation with clear separation between platform and application software, supporting future feature additions and variant scaling.
- Delivered full VCU software stack across BSW, CIL, and ASW layers on Sample A and Sample B hardware
- Developed UDS diagnostics stack covering 11 services with DTC and NVM management
- Developed CIL layer for ADC conversion and BSW-ASW signal mapping
- Delivered eight ASW vehicle control features covering wakeup, state management, drive modes, throttle, torque, braking, and shutdown
- Implemented multi-source wakeup management with sequential ECU wakeup flow across VCU, BMS, and MCU
- Implemented five drive modes with precondition logic and dual selection interface via TCU and physical switches
